Fifth District Survey of Manufacturing Activity: Unfilled orders: Current (increase vs decrease; diffusion index; percentage points; seasonally unadjusted) - United States - Richmond FED - Monthly
This series is part of the dataset: Fifth District Survey of Manufacturing Activity (Richmond FED)
Download Full Dataset (.xlsx)Latest updates. According to survey data about manufacturers based in the Fifth District, the seasonally unadjusted diffusion index for unfilled orders (share of CEOs seeing a recent increase minus share reporting a decrease) was 4.0 in May 2026, versus 2.0 in April.
Sample. There are 393 observations overall in the monthly series shown in the graph above. The period covered by the series goes from January 1993 to May 2026.
History. Check out a few descriptive statistics calculated on the whole sample: the diffusion index had a mean value of -7.4; it reached its minimum of -54.0 in December 2008; it attained a maximum of 35.0 in May 2021.
Latest values
| Date | Value - Percentage points |
|---|---|
| 2026-03-31 | -6.0 |
| 2026-04-30 | 2.0 |
| 2026-05-31 | 4.0 |
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Series Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Description | Diffusion index for the question: Did unfilled orders increase or decrease in the past month? |
| Country | United States |
| Economic concept | Business survey response |
| Data type | Coincident indicator of the business cycle |
| Deflation method | Not applicable |
| Seasonally adjusted | No |
| Rescaling | None |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Unit | Percentage points |
| Source | Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond |
| Source type | Central bank |
| Data licence | Not copyrightable under U.S. law |
| Measure type | Diffusion index (share of respondents reporting an increase minus share reporting a decrease) |
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